1.0 Introduction to Electromagnetic testing
1.1 Eddy current / Flux leakage
1.2 Brief history of testing
1.3 Basic principles of testing
2.0 Electromagnetic theory
2.1 Eddy current theory
2.2 Generation of eddy currents by means of an alternating current field
2.3 Effect of fields created by eddy currents ( impedance changes)
2.4 Effect of change of impedance on instrumentation
2.5 Properties of eddy current
2.6 Travel in circular direction
2.7 Strongest on surface of test material
2.8 Zero value at center of solid conductor placed in an alternating magnetic field
2.9 Strength, time relationship and orientation as functions of test system
2.10 Have properties of compressible fluids
2.11 Small magnitude of current flow
2.12 Relationship of frequency and plane with current in coil
2.13 Effective permeability variations
2.14 Effect of discontinuity orientation
2.15 Power losses
3.0 Flux leakage theory
3.1 Terminology and units
3.2 Principles of magnetization
3.3 BH curve
3.4 Magnetic properties
3.5 Magnetic field
3.6 Hysteresis loop
3.7 Magnetic permeability
3.8 Factors affecting permeability
4.0 Magnetization B electromagnetism theory
4.1 Oersted’s law
4.2 Faraday’s law
4.3 Electromagnetic
5.0 Flux leakage theory and principle
5.1 Residual
5.2 Active
5.3 Tangential leakage
5.4 Normal leakage fields
6.0 Readout mechanism
6.1 Calibrated or uncalibrated meter
6.2 Null meter with dial indicator
6.3 Oscilloscope and other monitor displays
6.4 Alarm, lights etc.
6.5 Numerical counters
6.6 Marking system
6.7 Sorting gates and tables
6.8 Cutoff saw or shears
6.9 Automation and feedback
6.10 Strip chart recorder
7.0 Eddy current sensing elements
7.1 Probes
7.2 Absolute
7.3 Differential
7.4 Lift off
7.5 Theory of operation
7.6 Applications
7.7 Advantages
7.8 Limitations
8.0 Through, encircling or annular coils
8.1 Absolute
8.2 Differential
9.0 Fill factor
9.1 Theory of operation
9.2 Applications
9.3 Advantages
9.4 Limitations
10.0 Factors affecting choice of sensing elements
10.1 Type of part to be inspected
10.2 Type of discontinuity to be inspected
10.3 Speed of testing required
10.4 Amount of testing required
10.5 Probable location of discontinuity
11.0 Comparison of techniques
11.1 Thickness gaging
11.2 Sorting
11.3 Conductivity
11.4 Surface or subsurface flaw detection
11.5 Tubing
11.6 Remote field
12.0 Practical workout
12.1 Using a Hocking Phasec instrument
12.2 Testing of a variety of components manually
12.3 Automation
12.4 Recording or storage of signals
13.0 Indications, discontinuities and defects
13.1 Indications
13.2 Discontinuities
13.3 Inherent
13.4 Processing
13.4 Service
14.0 Manufacturing processes and associated discontinuities
14.1 Casting processes and associated discontinuities
14.2 Ingots, blooms and billets
14.3 Sand casting
14.4 Centrifugal casting
14.5 Investment casting
15.0 Wrought processes and associated discontinuities
15.1 Forgings
15.2 Rolled products
15.3 Extruded products
16.0 Welding processes and associated discontinuities
16.1 SAW
16.2 SMAW
16.3GTAW
16.4 Special welding processes – Electron beam, electroslag etc.
17.0 Introduction to Codes, Standards, Specifications and Procedures
17.1 Discussion on ASTM E 215, ASME Section V
17.2 Question answer session on above codes
17.3 Interpretation / Evaluation
17.4 Materials processing as it affects use of item and test results
17.5 Discontinuities, their causes and effects
17.6 Recognizing discontinuity indications
17.7 Nonrelevant indications
17.8 Relevant indications
18.0 Acceptance criteria
19.0 Report preparation
NDTTECH recommended training time for Level I / II – 64 – 80 Hours ( 8/10 Days
minimum). Recommended training references: (1) ASNT Handbook on ET (2) Nondestructive Testing hand book, Robert Mc Master (3) SNT TC 1A
